Sensory challenges in children with autism can involve various sensory systems:
1. Auditory (Hearing): Sensitivity to loud noises, certain pitches, or background sounds. A child might cover their ears or become distressed in noisy environments and some children seeks sensory stimulation and exploration, which is why they tap or bang objects to create noise.
2. Visual (Sight): Difficulty with bright lights, contrasting colors, or busy patterns. Some children may avoid eye contact or focus on spinning objects. Some children engage in lateral gazing or finger gazing as a way to seek visual stimulation.
3. Tactile (Touch): Aversion to certain textures, discomfort with being touched, or seeking deep pressure. They might dislike tags on clothing or prefer tight hugs. Some children may exhibit discomfort during haircuts and nail trimming.
4. Olfactory (Smell): Strong reactions to specific odors. Some children might avoid areas with strong smells or, conversely, seek out certain scents.
5. Gustatory (Taste): Sensitivity to flavors or food textures. This often leads to picky eating habits or cravings for specific types of food.
6. Vestibular (Balance): Challenges with movement, balance, and spatial orientation. They might enjoy spinning or have difficulty with activities like climbing stairs.
7. Proprioceptive (Body Awareness): Difficulty understanding body position and movement. This can result in clumsiness, unusual posture, or a need for deep pressure.